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Architecture Articles
Posts about architecture
Why Were We Repeating the Same Architecture Debate Every Sprint?
The first article in the Architecture Playbook series on architectural knowledge vaporization, tribal knowledge, and decision theater inside software teams.…
How Does a CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation) Pipeline Work? Anatomy of Command and Query Flows
What is a CQRS request pipeline? How does an HTTP request travel through Controller, MediatR, pipeline behaviors, a handler, Outbox, and a read model?
From CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) to CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation): The Problem Is Not Code, It Is the Model
What is CQRS, what is the difference between CRUD and CQRS, and when should CQRS be used? A guide to why one model stops being enough in larger systems.
CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation) in Distributed Systems: Events, Brokers, and Projections
How does CQRS work in distributed systems? A practical guide to domain events, message brokers, projections, Outbox, idempotency, and eventual consistency.
CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation) in Production: Consistency, Failure, and Recovery
How does CQRS stay safe in production? Consistency lag, duplicate events, reordering, projection recovery, retries, DLQs, and Saga strategies.
DDD- Designing Software Around the Business, Not the Database
What is Domain-Driven Design? A guide to the limits of data-driven design, the power of ubiquitous language, and when DDD is a worthwhile investment.
DDD in Code: Entity, Value Object, and Aggregate
How do DDD tactical patterns work? Explore Value Objects, Entities, Aggregates, Domain Services, Application Services, and Repository boundaries through a…
How Does DDD Work in Large Systems?
How does DDD scale in large systems? A decision guide to Bounded Contexts, Context Mapping, Conway's Law, modular monoliths, microservice boundaries, and…
From a Monolithic Frontend to Next.js Multi-Zone Architecture
Why do monolithic frontend boundaries become strained in a growing marketplace? A decision record covering the alternatives, trade-offs, and production…
DDD in Production: Distributed Systems and Modernization Strategies
How does DDD survive production change? A guide to Event Storming, Saga, Transactional Outbox, Anti-Corruption Layers, and Strangler Fig modernization.
From Layers to Features: Why Did Vertical Slice Emerge?
Why does layered architecture slow change as a system grows? An architectural guide to Vertical Slice as a decision about feature ownership, behaviour…
How Does a Vertical Slice Work from the Inside?
A technical guide to the inner flow of a Vertical Slice: request, validation, handler, aggregate, outbox, projection, idempotency, performance, tests, and…
Why Payment Systems Are Distributed Systems
A payment is never one service's job: basket, stock, provider gateway, and ledger all have to agree. Here's why the synchronous chain breaks down.
Payment State Machine Design: Checkout vs. Payment Lifecycles
Payment.Succeeded does not mean Checkout.Completed. If you don't separate checkout and payment lifecycles, two truths collide in production.
Provider Abstraction Without Leaking SDKs
How the provider gateway owns the PSP SDK while the checkout orchestrator only ever sees a semantic interface — and why card and wallet flows share a…
Semantic Events Over Raw Provider Payloads
Should the webhook the provider gateway receives reach downstream consumers under the PSP's own event name, or as a semantic event like…
Why Eventual Consistency Beats Distributed Transactions
Building a 2PC across the PSP, the order, and finance is a trap. Saga plus reconciliation is the real answer this eight-part arc has been building toward.
Designing a Production Payment Engine
The synthesis of a 22-part series: an architectural checklist for a production payment engine built around a checkout orchestrator and provider gateway.
Placeholder URI and Owner Reveal Pipeline
Placeholder metadata at mint, uridata map, reveal(tokenId, uriHash), and an owner-only reveal surface.
Remix + OpenZeppelin Delivery Without Hardhat
How the Bare Crypto protocol compiled and deployed in Remix IDE with OpenZeppelin v4.1 GitHub imports — no Hardhat/Foundry — and which ADR trade-offs…
BareNFT: Roles, Pausable, and Per-Token URI
BareNFT combines ERC721 Enumerable/Burnable/Pausable with AccessControl and role-gated mint(to, id, uri). Trade-offs of per-token URI and pause.
BareNFTReserve: Escrow, RandomBuy, and Weak RNG
Owner-only createNewListing, buy, and randomBuy using keccak256(revealNonce, block.difficulty, msg.sender) % 3 — weak RNG, owner-operated marketplace ADR…
BareNFTAuction: Claim, Refund, and Emergency Powers
English auction flows: bid, claim, cancel, below-reserve refunds, and owner emergency transferNft/transferFunds trade-offs.
BareToken: NFT (Non-Fungible Token)-Gated Emissions and Abuse
Hashmasks-style NFT-gated claims: ~10e18/day, INITIAL_ALLOTMENT, 10-year emissionEnd — plus open mint surface and abuse scenarios.
OpenSea-like Information Architecture
The Bare Crypto marketplace SPA deliberately mirrors OpenSea's mental model: Home, Marketplace, Viewer, Profile, and a mint form.
Listing Discovery by Scanning totalSupply
getListings reads NFT totalSupply and fans out multiple RPC calls per tokenId. N×calls do not scale; 30s polls create stale listings and Infura rate-limit…
Rinkeby Testnet vs Mainnet Client Split
The marketplace SPA locks to Rinkeby Infura while collection mint clients harden on mainnet.…
Wallet Brand Landing vs Real Extension Scope
The Bare Wallet app is honestly a marketing SPA / download funnel — not a Chrome MV3 extension. A CRA PWA manifest must not be mistaken for extension…
Why Logistics Ops Needs Micro Frontends
As one ops panel grows, deploy and ownership break. When does a shell-and-remote split become mandatory?
Module Federation: Shell and Remote Contracts
Module Federation: Shell and Remote Contracts — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Why Auth Should Be a Shared Remote
Why Auth Should Be a Shared Remote — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Feature Remote vs Standalone Deploy
Feature Remote vs Standalone Deploy — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Routing Composition in a Host Shell
Routing Composition in a Host Shell — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Version Skew and Contract Discipline
Version Skew and Contract Discipline — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
When to Keep a Monolith Beside MFE (Module Federation)
When to Keep a Monolith Beside MFE — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Why Waiting Vehicles Need Geofence Truth
Saying a vehicle is 'waiting' is not a GPS pin. Without a circle boundary and operational state, the map lies.
Configurable Radius Instead of Magic Numbers
Configurable Radius Instead of Magic Numbers — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Trust Boundaries Between Map UI (User Interface) and Vendor APIs
Trust Boundaries Between Map UI and Vendor APIs — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Partner Capacity Is Not a CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) Table
Modeling ferry partner capacity as insert-delete rows ignores ticket lifecycles and approval flows.
Companies, Vehicles, Drivers as Booking Context
Companies, Vehicles, Drivers as Booking Context — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Embedding Booking Pages in a Host Shell
Embedding Booking Pages in a Host Shell — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Standalone Booking Desk for Partner Ops
Standalone Booking Desk for Partner Ops — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Reporting Without Leaking Partner Contracts
Reporting Without Leaking Partner Contracts — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Why Ops Still Needs a Control Plane
As the MFE estate grows, broad surfaces like maps, CMS, and push admin can stay in a deliberate ops monolith / control plane.
CMS (Content Management System)-like Surfaces for Adverts and Documents
CMS-like Surfaces for Adverts and Documents — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Push Notification Admin ≠ Shared Snackbar
Push Notification Admin ≠ Shared Snackbar — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Sync as an Integration Edge
ERP Sync as an Integration Edge — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Coexistence Strategy: Monolith and MFE (Module Federation) Estate
Coexistence Strategy: Monolith and MFE Estate — a production lesson from logistics operations platforms.
Why ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) MySQL Is Not an Analytics Store
MySQL written by an internal ERP is operational truth — geographic analysis and wait hotspots need a cleansed analytics store.
Cleansing Operational Data into PostgreSQL
Cleansing Operational Data into PostgreSQL — a production lesson from an ABC Logistics backend/data platform.
MongoDB for High-Frequency Telemetry
MongoDB for High-Frequency Telemetry — a production lesson from an ABC Logistics backend/data platform.
Elasticsearch for Ops Search Across Entities
Elasticsearch for Ops Search Across Entities — a production lesson from an ABC Logistics backend/data platform.
Multi-Node Clusters Without the Single-Brain Myth
Multi-Node Clusters Without the Single-Brain Myth — a production lesson from an ABC Logistics backend/data platform.
Anti-Corruption Between ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and Analytics
Anti-Corruption Between ERP and Analytics — a production lesson from an ABC Logistics backend/data platform.
Serving Clean Reads to Ops Frontends
Serving Clean Reads to Ops Frontends — a production lesson from an ABC Logistics backend/data platform.
Data Contracts for Geofence and Expeditions
Data Contracts for Geofence and Expeditions — a production lesson from an ABC Logistics backend/data platform.
Closing the Loop from Model to Dispatcher
Closing the Loop from Model to Dispatcher — a production lesson from an ABC Logistics backend/data platform.
Django as the Ops Analysis API (Application Programming Interface) Layer
Python/Django serves PostGIS–Mongo–ES reads to MFEs and the control plane as safe JSON contracts.
API (Application Programming Interface) Boundaries for MFE (Module Federation) and Control Plane
API Boundaries for MFE and Control Plane — a production lesson from an ABC Logistics backend/data platform.
Production Readiness Checklist for Logistics APIs
Production Readiness Checklist for Logistics APIs — a production lesson from an ABC Logistics backend/data platform.